The English translation of Muḥammad Abū Zahra’s biography of Abū Ḥanīfa includes the following analysis of Shīʿa beliefs: “The separation of the Shīʿa from the body of the Muslims was of political origin and turned on the matter of how the khalīfa of the Muslims...
Introduction A narration from Al-Ihtijaj by al-Tabrisi (رحمه الله) is frequently cited by opponents of Shiism, purportedly to show that Imam Hasan (ع) preferred Mu‘awiyah over his own followers. The narration is typically presented in the following form: عن زيد بن وهب...
Refutation Two Zahīr’s false claim that that Shia Scholars affirm the Imam Ali (as) deemed the caliphate of Abu Bakr legitimate Ẓahīr’s deception extends beyond textual manipulation to the outright misattribution of statements. One of the most striking examples...
Refutation One Zahir’s tampering with a text to prove his argument; At the core of Ẓahīr’s project lies his repeated violation of research ethics, most notably his resort to tadlees (deception). Tadlees is the deliberate manipulation of information, through...
First Objection: Claim that Imam Ḥasan (ʿa) acknowledged the legitimacy of Muʿāwiyah’s caliphate Objection Statement: Some people, who possess no share of true knowledge, imagine that the peace treaty between Imam Ḥasan (ʿa) and Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān amounts to...
